This is due to coal plants, etc.

Also, existing office utility plant may simply be too old, inefficient, or unreliable for lab use, making upgrades necessary..While purified water can be generated locally, drainage for lab sinks and equipment can be challenging due to a lack of risers in a standard office and difficulties achieving falls, so an overhead pumped system may be necessary.

Liquid waste may need to be collected and even treated on-site, which again means additional plant space, and potential spillage (e.g.from vessels or emergency showers) also needs to be assessed – particularly on upper-floor office conversions.. Lastly, labs will typically use a range of gasses.These must be stored and distributed, and appropriate safety systems installed.

In some cases this can be relatively simple, while other gasses (e.g.vaporised liquid nitrogen which is used in cryogenics, or oxygen which is used in bioreactors) can be very problematic – especially on upper-floors or where labs neighbour office tenancies.. 6.

Planning.. Planning Permission & other approvals may be required despite ‘office to lab’ Permitted Development rights..

In the UK, offices can be converted into labs without needing Planning Permission since they now fall under the same ‘Use Class.’ This includes facilities used for “research and development of products or processes,” “industrial processes,” or the “provision of medical or health services.”.The results are interesting in that they showed, unsurprisingly that different individuals and cultures gave different responses.

Whose do we use?These decisions have real-life implications.. ‘We better be sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose we really desire,’ Norbert Weiner stated in 1960..

In 2021, Stewart Russell OBE (Professor of Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley) in his Reith Lectures expressed some principles that he had co-developed to make the development of AI positive and safe.. Altruism – AI is there solely to improve human outcomes and purpose.Uncertainty – the objectives, purpose and outcomes will remain uncertain.